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The stability characteristics associated with the shelf life of a biosensor are rarely investigated, however, they are important factors for real applications. Stability is the variation in the detection signal over a long period of storage. This study aims to determine the effect of storage time on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) spike protein aptamers related to shelf life and the performance of an electrochemical aptasensor on clinical samples. The research method includes a stability study conducted using the accelerated stability method based on the Arrhenius equation at three variations of temperature and storage time. The electrochemical aptasensor's performance was evaluated on clinical samples of 32 nasopharyngeal swabs at biosafety level 3 and its potential on clinical saliva samples. The results indicated that the developed electrochemical aptasensor was stable for ± 15 days with a shelf life of 18, 17 and 16 days, respectively, at 25, 40 and 50 °C. This electrochemical aptasensor has the potential to be a Point of Care (POC) device for the clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2 because it can be tested on clinical samples of nasopharyngeal swabs and the results show its potential application to detect in clinical saliva samples. © Arum Kurnia Sari et al.
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Objective: This study sought to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among hospital staff according to various factors. Moreover, it sought to identify any factors that predicted a higher probability of infection in this population. Methods: This descriptive research was conducted among medical and non-medical personnel at Padang City Center Hospital, Indonesia (n=129). A chi-square test analysis was used to determine the degree of interrelationship between the studied variables, while an odds ratio (OR) test was performed to identify more potential categories. Results: Some 31.8% of respondents tested positive for COVID-19, although this finding was insignificant (p>0.05). In terms of the OR, the following probabilities were calculated: age (OR=1.0 [0.36–2.88]);medical history (OR=1.3 [0.23– 2.0]);higher education (OR=1.9 [0.2–17.6]);wearing a good mask (OR=0.7 [0.07–7.02]);good hand washing (OR=1.8 [0.46–7.07]);good physical distancing (OR=1.8 [0.46–7.07]);good personal protective equipment (OR=0.7 [0.07–7.02]);normal depression, anxiety, and stress (OR<1.0);and comorbidity (OR=1,2 [0.46-3.06]). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between the studied factors and COVID-19 infection. However, there were more potential trends, especially for highly educated medical teams, not wearing a mask, smoking, engaging in strenuous activity, poor psychology, and comorbidity. These findings should prompt policymakers tasked with developing resources and interventions to pay more attention to the needs of medical and non-medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the availability of masks © 2023 Martini et al.;Licensee Lifescience Global
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Introduction and Aim: COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by a virus. Vaccination prevents covid-19 infection by producing antibodies to protect from infectious diseases. After vaccination, an antibody response will appear;therefore, the development of antibodies can be measured. This study investigated Determine the antibody titers after stage 2 vaccination. Material and Methods: The type of research is descriptive with laboratory observation design to detect titers of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The population in this study was all the Jayapura State Health Polytechnic staff who had been vaccinated in phase 2. Samples were taken using a Random sampling technique of 35 people. Results: Over the 35 study subjects in the antibody titer measurement, 2 samples had antibody titers below the tool sensitivity value, i.e., < 20 U / ml, and 1 sample had an antibody titer above the tool sensitivity value of > 12,500 U / ml with a mean value of 2533. The percentage of employees who are positive to achieve antibodies at the Jayapura State Health polytechnic after phase 2 vaccination is 94.3%. Conclusion: An increase in the level of Covid-19 antibodies was found in employees and staff of the Jayapura Ministry of Health Health Polytechnic after stage 2 vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results is the property of ResearchTrentz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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A detection method based on an electrochemical aptasensor has been developed as an alternative fast, portable, simple, inexpensive, and high-accuracy detection method for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain (spike RBD). The CeO2@NH2 functionalized Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) was used to immobilize an aminated aptamer of spike RBD protein via glutaraldehyde as a linker. The aptamer's interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD was measured via the [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- redox system signal. Experimental conditions were optimized using a Box-Behnken experimental design and showed that the optimal conditions of the SARS-CoV-2 aptasensor were 1.5 ng mL-1 of aptamer, immobilization of aptamer for 60 minutes, and Spike RBD incubation for 10 minutes. The developed aptasensor was able to detect the standard SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD with a detection limit of 0.017 ng mL-1 in the range of 0.001-100 ng mL-1. This aptasensor was used to detect salivary and oropharyngeal swab samples of normal individuals with the addition of Spike RBD, and the recoveries were 92.96% and 96.52%, respectively. The testing on nasopharyngeal swab samples of COVID-19 patients showed that the aptasensor results were comparable with the qRT-PCR results. Thus, the developed aptasensor has the potential to be applied as a SARS-CoV-2 rapid test method for clinical samples.
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The development of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is one of the most important efforts in controlling the pandemic. Serological tests are used to identify highly reactive human donors for convalescent plasma therapy, measuring vaccine efficacy and durability. This review article presents a review of serology tests and how antibody titers in response to vaccines have been developed. Some of the serological test methods discussed are Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), and Chemiluminescent Micro-particle Immunoassay (CMIA). This review can provide an understanding of the application of the body's immune response to vaccines to get some new strategies for vaccines.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/prevention & control , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Antibodies, Viral , Serologic Tests/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Vaccination , Antibodies, Neutralizing , COVID-19 SerotherapyABSTRACT
Despite the fact that COVID-19 is no longer a global pandemic due to development and integration of different technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, technological advancement in the field of molecular biology, electronics, computer science, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, etc. has led to the development of molecular approaches and computer aided diagnosis for the detection of COVID-19. This study provides a holistic approach on COVID-19 detection based on (1) molecular diagnosis which includes RT-PCR, antigen-antibody, and CRISPR-based biosensors and (2) computer aided detection based on AI-driven models which include deep learning and transfer learning approach. The review also provide comparison between these two emerging technologies and open research issues for the development of smart-IoMT-enabled platforms for the detection of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Internet of Things , Humans , Artificial Intelligence , COVID-19/diagnosis , Technology , InternetABSTRACT
Covid 19 encourages creative business actors to produce product diversification with very diverse menu variations. The purposes of this study are to: 1) analyze product diversification during the pandemic, 2) analyze the trigger factors for product diversification creativity. Respondents consisted of 56 people who were determined based on the criteria: 1) providing seafood menus, 2) diversifying products. The research was conducted for three months from September to December 2020 in Kendari by conducting interviews with respondents. Data were analyzed using description analysis, tabulation, Likert scale and multiple regression statistics to answer the research objectives. It is suspected that the triggering factors for product diversification during the COVID-19 pandemic are 1) competitiveness, 2) sustainability, 3) additional menus, 4) changes in atmosphere, and 5) customer trust. The results showed that product diversification occurred due to the pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic so that respondents should do anything in their power to survive while minimizing losses. This study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged the birth of new and more varied product Significant competitiveness, sustainability, additional menus and customer trust have a real influence on product diversification.. Meanwhile, the change of atmosphere has no significant effect on the diversification of production. © The Authors.
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A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is an antibody fragment composed of VH and VL linked by a hydrophilic linker that can be designed according to the shape of the target molecule and synthesized in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via biotechnology engineering. This study developed an electrochemical immunosensor that detects the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles, and scFv as a bioreceptor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to measure specific interactions of antigens with antibodies. The developed immunosensor had a limit of detection and a quantification limit of 4.86 ng mL(-1) and 16.20 ng mL(-1), respectively. The immunosensor was stable at room temperature for up to 30 days' storage. The immunosensor was assessed at biosafety level 3 using 33 nasopharyngeal swab specimens (clinical samples);the pieces of data were compared with quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-PCR. The agreement of the data, the low detection limit achieved, the rapid analysis (30 min), the miniaturization, and the portability of the instrument combined with the easiness to use has the potential to become Point of Care (POC) for diagnosing the COVID-19 disease.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 March 2020. Indonesia is reported to have the highest number of cases in Southeast Asia. Accurate prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases in the upcoming few days is required as one of the considerations in making decisions to provide appropriate recommendations in the process of mitigating global pandemic infectious diseases. In this research, a metaheuristics optimization algorithm, the flower pollination algorithm, is used to forecast the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. The flower pollination algorithm is a robust and adaptive method to perform optimization for curve fitting of COVID-19 cases. The performance of the flower pollination algorithm was evaluated and compared with a machine learning method which is popular for forecasting, the recurrent neural network. A comprehensive experiment was carried out to determine the optimal hyperparameters for the flower pollination algorithm and recurrent neural network. There were 24 and 72 combinations of hyperparameters for the flower pollination algorithm and recurrent neural network, respectively. The best hyperparameters were used to develop the COVID-19 forecasting model. Experimental results showed that the flower pollination algorithm performed better than the recurrent neural network in long-term (two weeks) and short-term (one week) forecasting of COVID-19 cases. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the flower pollination algorithm model (0.38%) was much lower than that of the recurrent neural network model (5.31%) in the last iteration for long-term forecasting. Meanwhile, the MAPE for the flower pollination algorithm model (0.74%) is also lower than the recurrent neural network model (4.8%) in the last iteration for short-term forecasting of the cumulative COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. This research provides state-of-the-art results to help the process of mitigating the global pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia.
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Two years after SARS-CoV-2 caused the first case of COVID-19, we are now in the "new normal" period, where people's activity has bounced back, followed by the easing of travel policy restrictions. The lesson learned is that the wide availability of accurate and rapid testing procedures is crucial to overcome possible outbreaks in the future. Therefore, many laboratories worldwide have been racing to develop a new point-of-care diagnostic test. To aid continuous innovation, we developed a plasmonic-based biosensor designed explicitly for portable Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). In this study, we designed a single chain variable fragment (scFv) from the CR3022 antibody with a particular linker that inserted a cysteine residue at the second position. It caused the linker to have a strong affinity to the gold surface through thiol-coupling and possibly become a ready-to-use bioreceptor toward a portable SPR gold chip without purification steps. The theoretical affinity of this scFv on spike protein was -64.7 kcal/mol, computed using the Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) method from the 100 ns molecular dynamics trajectory. Furthermore, the scFv was produced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as a soluble protein. The binding activity toward Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed with a spot-test, and the experimental binding free energy of -10.82 kcal/mol was determined using portable SPR spectroscopy. We hope this study will be useful in designing specific and low-cost bioreceptors, particularly early in an outbreak when the information on antibody capture is still limited.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques , COVID-19 , Single-Chain Antibodies , Humans , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry , COVID-19/diagnosis , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The business climate fluctuates. Do tour operators prefer to thrive by doing nothing or by employing innovative strategies? Defend or Attack? These are the questions that tour operators ponder when recalling their fate in this industry. The primary purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of rural tourism e-marketplace behavior on rural tourism’s dynamic sustainability. Additionally, this study seeks to confirm that the factors of product, price, and time savings serve as the benchmarks for behavior in rural tourism's e-marketplace. The covid-19 outbreak has begun to disrupt the tourism industry as more customers have started to develop loyalty and retention through online mechanisms in higher numbers given the limited circumstances. Although certain rural tourism destinations and attractions found it challenging to integrate into the e-marketplace ecosystem, this domain has emerged as a strategic focus that has impacted the dynamic sustainability of rural tourism in Indonesia. A detailed pathway for the development of the dynamic sustainability of rural tourism model has been created employing advanced quantitative analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM). This research has produced an integrated model that accelerates the region's recovery agenda by promoting local ecosystems through rural tourism e-marketplace behavior. © 2022, Association Res Militaris. All rights reserved.
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Despite the fact that COVID-19 is no longer a global pandemic due to development and integration of different technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Technological advancement in the field of molecular biology, electronics, computer science, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, nanotechnology etc. has led to the development of molecular approaches and computer aided diagnosis for the detection of COVID-19. This study provides a holistic approach on COVID-19 detection based on (1) molecular diagnosis which include RT-PCR, antigen-antibody and CRISPR-based biosensors and (2) computer aided detection based on AI-driven models which include Deep Learning and Transfer learning approach. The review also provide comparison between these 2 emerging technologies and open research issues for the development of smart-IoMT-enable platform for the detection of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Learning DisabilitiesABSTRACT
Background: In this study, we examined the anti-diabetic activity of standardised extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray (T. diversifolia) leaves for their effects on insulin resistance and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Methods: T. diversifolia leaves were extracted using an ultrasound-assisted method and standardised using Tagitinin C. There were six groups: i) normal control; ii) diabetic group; iii) metformin group (300 mg/kg) and iv) groups treated with three different doses of extract (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg). Blood samples were taken before and after 28 days of treatment for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin analysis, which were used for a Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) calculation. The soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested after 28 days of treatment for the measurement of mtDNA copy number. Results: The results showed an improvement in blood glucose levels and HOMA-IR scores in all treatment groups. The results of mtDNA copy number analysis also revealed significant improvement with the highest number observed at an extract dose of 100 mg/kg in which the mtDNA copy number increased up to 3 times in the soleus muscles (P < 0.001). Conclusion: T. diversifolia extract has the potential to be used as an anti-diabetic agent that improves insulin resistance, possibly by increasing mtDNA content.
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One of the screenings of the chemical structure that has the potential as an active major protease (Mpro) inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 is bioactive compounds, such as oolonghomobisflavan-A, theaflavin-3-O-gallate, and theaflavin (TF). These bioactive compounds are main components of catechin oxidation, which contribute color, taste, and aroma to black tea. Enzymatic oxidation events in black tea processing have started at the beginning of the mill. In silico studies of active site Mpro as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 were conducted using Protein Data Bank from a web platform. This analysis was carried out using the AutoDock Vina software integrated with PyRx 0.8. The molecular docking results were visualized in 3D and 2D with the BIOVIA Discovery Studio software with the result that amino acid residues and chemical bonds formed were visible, indicating the binding site of a target protein. The production of bioactive compounds through the tea fermentation process accelerated the oxidation rate of catechins into the contained bioactive compounds, which was analyzed using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 380 nm. Bioactive compound analysis used the response surface methodology. The results of docking the oolonghomobisflavan compound with Mpro indicated the highest binding affinity, namely −8.0 kcal/mol;however, the oolonghomobisflavan compound with Mpro did not show the same interaction as the control. On the contrary, for the docking of theaflavin-3’-Ogallate with Mpro, the binding affinity was −6.3 kcal/mol and showed the same interaction with the control, namely, LysA:137, where the compound formed hydrogen bonds, and analysis of the selected compound was carried out on the theaflavin-3’-O-gallate compound. The optimal operating conditions for the extraction process were at a flow rate of 17.65 l/minute with a fermentation time of 50 minutes, which produced a maximum theaflavin level of 0.938%. © 2022 Mohamad Endy Yulianto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
ABSTRACT
Theaflavin (TF) is a component of fermented (enzymatic oxidation) catechin compounds synthesized during tea leaf fermentation, giving a golden yellow color, taste, and aroma to black tea. Theaflavins, which are rich in antioxidants, can treat cancer, obesity, diabetes and are potential as an inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2. Photo fermentation using ultraviolet (UV) has the advantage of penetrating the stoma cell wall in tea leaves and accelerating the oxidation of tea leaves that have gone through the milling process before the fermentation stage. This study aimed to optimize the photo fermentation process of theaflavin compounds from fresh tea leaves through response surface methodology (RSM). The highest theaflavin was obtained at a flow rate of 6 L/minute and a long irradiation time of 55 min, with a theaflavin content of 0.6705%. RSM states that the oxygen flow rate is the most influential factor with an R-Square value of 0.60814 means only 60.814% variation in data can be described by the model. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Kyrle's disease (KD) is a rare type of acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) associated with various systemic diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus (DM). It most commonly occurs at the lower extremities. Generalized lesions of KD are rare. We report a case of generalized KD in a 29-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease and DM. Physical examination revealed multiple hyperkeratotic and hyperpigmented papules, plaques, and nodules with central umbilication and keratotic plugs on almost all parts of the body. Histopathological examination showed keratinized epithelial layer with acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, invagination with the formation of keratin plugs, and basophilic cell debris accompanied by parakeratosis and abnormal keratinization of epithelial cells. These histopathological findings fulfilled the Constantine and Carter criteria for KD. This condition is characterized clinically by umbilicated, round, erythematous or hyperpigmented papules and nodules with central crusts or keratotic plug, predominantly involving the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the trunk. Although uncommon, it may also involve the face or the scalp. Nevertheless, generalized lesions involving faces are rarely found in KD.
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COVID-19 is a pandemic that spreads very fast. Until now COVID-19 has spread in 207 countries. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between weather factors and COVID-19 in West Java Indonesia. This study used a secondary data analysis of weather data from the Meteorological Department of the Republic of Indonesia and surveillance of COVID-19 from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The weather has five components including minimum temperature (0C) maximum temperature (0C) temperature average (0C) humidity (%) amount of rainfall (mm) and wind speed (m/s). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. Result: Of the weather components only temperature average (r = 0.545;p 0.001) and humidity (r = -0.500;p 0.001) significantly correlated with COVID-19. The results can be used to decrease the pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia.
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The new normal policy during the COVID-19 pandemic requires public participation. Efforts to suppress the number of cases require knowledge attitudes and behavior towards health protocols to prevent COVID-19. This study aimed to assess knowledge attitudes and practice towards the prevention of COVID-19. This was a descriptive study which included 409 respondents in Kendari City Indonesia conducted in July-August 2020. Data were collected through online questionnaires with google forms. Results: Most of the respondents knew the causes of COVID-19 (85.1%) mode of transmission (65.0%) prevention with masks (96.4%) washing hands (90.5%) social distancing (98.1%) and cough etiquette (80.4%). The attitudes towards public opinions varied. The behaviors towards the prevention of COVID-19 were reading (90.2%) protecting themselves (94.4%) positive thinking (96.1%) doing activities at home (87.3%) and social distancing (93.2%). The behavior to avoid fake news was to ensure the news sources (72.6%) accessed official news (85.5%) and accessed many sources (73.8%). The community of Kendari City has adequate knowledge attitudes and practice towards prevention of COVID-19. This is a potential asset to implementing the new normal policy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Virus COVID-19 merupakan kumpulan virus yang menyebabkan infeksi sistem saluran pernapasan. penyebaran virus COVID-19 ini semakin meningkat setiap harinya Melihat penomena yang terjadi di masyarakat maka dirasa sangat perlu dilakukannya kegiatan Sosialisasi dan pembagian masker gratis untuk memutus rantai penyebaran virus COVID-19. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan pemahaman dan kesadaran kepada warga masyarakat tentang perlunya sosialisasi physical distancing dan penggunaan masker untuk mencegah penyebarab virus COVID-19 yang sudah meresahkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah dengan cara sosialisasi dari rumah ke rumah kemudian membagikan masker gratis kepada warga yang ada di RT 02/RW.04. dengan dilaksanakannya pengabdian tersebut maka warga masyarakat di RT.02/RW.04 merasa lebih paham setelah dilakukannya sosialisasi dan merasa terbantu dengan pembagian masker gratis. Selain itu hasil yang Diharapkan masyarakat lebih sadar akan pentingnya kesehatan dengan selau menerapkan phsicial distancing dan selalu menggunakan masker ketika berpergian serta menggunakan handsanitaizer ketika sudah melaksanakan kontak dengan warga masyarakat lainnya sebagai salah satu proteksi atau perlindungan diri dari virus COVID-19. Kata kunci: sosialisasi;Virus COVID-19;preventif;masker. The COVID-19 virus is a group of viruses that cause infections of the respiratory system. the spread of the COVID-19 virus is increasing every day Seeing the phenomena that occur in the community it is felt that it is very necessary to carry out socialization activities and the distribution of free masks to break the chain of spread of the COVID-19 virus. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide knowledge understanding and awareness to the community. community members about the need for social distancing and the use of masks to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus which is already troubling. The method used in this activity is by socializing from house to house and then distributing free masks to residents in RT 02/RW.04. With the implementation of this service the community members in RT.02/RW.04 feel more understanding after the socialization and feel helped by the distribution of free masks. In addition, the expected result is that the public is more aware of the importance of health by always implementing physical distancing and always using a mask when traveling and using a hand sanitizer when in contact with other members of the community as one of the protections or self-protection from the COVID-19 virus. Keywords: socialization;COVID-19 virus;prevention;masks.
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Introduction: The current incidence of the novel coronavirus disease has shown only small reductions of cases and has become a major public health challenge. Development of effective vaccines against the virus is still being encouraged such as multi-epitope vaccines designed from the components of SARS-CoV-2 including its spike, nucleocapsid and ORF1a proteins. Since the addition of adjuvants including HABA protein and L7/L12 ribosomal are considered helpful to increase the effectiveness of the designed vaccine, we proposed to design multiepitope vaccines by two different adjuvants. Methods: We used the IEDB server to predict BCL and TCL epitopes that were characterized using online tools including VaxiJen, AllPred and IL-10 Prediction. The selected epitopes were further constructed into multiepitope vaccines. We also added two different adjuvants to the vaccine components in order to increase the effectiveness of the vaccines. The 3D-structured vaccines were built using trRosetta. They were further docked with different Toll-like-receptors (TLR 3, 4 and 8) and the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 using ClusPro, PatchDock and refined by FireDock. All structures were visualized by USCF Chimera and PyMOL. Results: In this study, we succeeded in designing two different candidate vaccines by the addition of HABA protein and L7/L12 ribosomal as adjuvants. The two vaccines were almost equally good in terms of their physicochemical properties and characteristics. Likewise, their strong interactions with TLR3 4, 8 and ACE2 show the lowest energy level of both was estimated at more than -1,000. Interactions of vaccines with ACE2 and TLRs are essential for activation of immune responses and production of antibodies. Conclusion: The two designed and constructed multiepitope vaccine have good characteristics and may have the potential to activate humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Further research is worth considering to confirm the findings of this study.